Double-minded man - James 1:7-8
The person who doubts will not
receive anything from the Lord. James is speaking proverbially about a person who is characterized by doubt. That kind of person is
double-minded and unstable. Here James coins a new word. Before the rise of western views of the mind, which tend towards compartmentalizing people, the mind and heart were understood by ancient cultures as representative of the whole person. What James describes here is a divided person, a person set against himself.
Low position - James 1:9-11
James instructed the
poor brother to boast of his high position. This is in line with the teaching of Jesus concerning the place of the poor in his kingdom (Matt. 5:5; 19:30). He then instructed the
rich man to boast of his
low position. As a sign and foretaste of God’s kingdom, the church does not value material wealth and social status in the ways the world’s economies do. The church values poor and rich people equally (2:2-4) as brothers and sisters in the same family. The sun rises over both, who like the
flower will pass away because neither can withstand its
heat. With this picture, James reminds both rich and poor in the church that they are dependent creatures, subject to sickness, temptation, trials and death. Indeed, Jesus said, it is more difficult for the rich to enter God’s kingdom, because they depend heavily on their wealth (Matt. 19:24), instead of depending on God.
Blessed is the man who perseveres under trial - James 1:12
James summarized his words on endurance here in v. 12. Those who endure trials and tribulations are
blessed, because enduring in faithfulness, despite troubles reveals they
love God. The
crown of life is given at the consummation of God’s kingdom (Rev. 2:10; 3:11; 2 Tim. 4:8; 1 Pet. 5:4) to all those whose saving faith, love and hope were manifested in perseverance under trial and good works. See
BC 24, 37;
WCF 16, 33.2.
Tempted - James 1:13
No one should accuse God of being the one who
tempted them. Though the word James uses for “test” and “tempt” is the same, it holds different meanings in different contexts. God
tests his people, but he never
tempts them. Testing has spiritual growth as its goal; tempting has sin as its goal.
How temptation works - James 1:14-15
James describes how temptation works. Temptation originates from within a person when
desire drags him away and entices him. Temptation never comes from God. It originates from our own desires, even good desires that are deformed by sin or from the devil (1 Pet. 5:8-9), who seeks to deceive and destroy us. If our desire for what is forbidden is fed or allowed to grow, it can overtake our will, which results in
sin. James used the imagery of conception and childbirth to illustrate how desire conceives sin, and sin conceives
death. Sin always results in death (Rom. 6:23), but Christ died to destroy sin and death, so those who trust him would be born again to a life of righteousness (cf. 1:18; 1 John 1:8-9). See
WCF 6.2-3;
WCF 17.3.
Good and perfect gift - James 1:16-17
Instead of temptation towards evil,
every good and perfect gift comes from God.
The Father of lights (1 John 1:5) imparts these gifts, even trials and tests, for our good, for our spiritual growth and flourishing. We can remain confident of God’s good purposes, because there is no
changing or shadow of turning in God (Ps. 45:6; Mal. 3:6; Heb. 13:8). God’s good character and good will never change. Though our feelings might change with our circumstances, God’s commitment to our good will not change.
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