Robert Traill (1642-1716), son of a Scottish Covenanting minister, fugitive, exile and prisoner on the Bass Rock during the 'Killing Times', wrote his masterly defence of the doctrine of justification by faith alone in 1692 to dispel such obscurity. Traill's book, Justification Vindicated, was first published in 1692 and republished by the Banner of Truth in 2002.