Investigate Paul's letters from prison and consider his responses to many of the difficulties we face as Christians.
Instructor: Dr. Reggie Kidd
Thank you for leading a small group study! At Thirdmill we produce teaching materials to help church leaders study and teach the Bible more deeply. We are grateful you have chosen to let us accompany you as you grow in your knowledge and application of the Scriptures.
With this 10-week study, you will lead participants through the series Paul’s Prison Epistles. Together you will explore the background to Paul’s imprisonment and the theological unity of the letters he wrote from prison to the Colossians, Ephesians, Philippians, and Philemon. Our hope is that along the way, you find encouragement in Paul’s perseverance in the face of injustice and suffering and delight in the rich theology preserved for us in these letters.
This study is designed to build community and foster learning in a group setting like a Bible study or adult Sunday school. It can be done online or in person.
Each session is expected to take about 60 minutes. The lesson includes approximate times for each section to help you guide your group through the material within that time frame. However, feel free to adapt the timing to your circumstances and the needs of your group.
Read – Each session includes several chapters of recommended reading from Paul’s writings and the story of his life and ministry as recorded in the book of Acts. We encourage you to ground the lesson in this primary source material by reading these chapters yourself and by encouraging the participants to read them as well.
Connect – Each session begins with some introductory comments and a reflection question (or questions). These questions help participants get to know each other as they share about non-threatening areas of their lives. Once a person speaks in a small group setting, they are much more likely to participate in a more personal discussion later. We recommend that you give participants a short time to write an answer to the question on their handout, and then invite each participant to briefly answer the question out loud. If your group is large, you can have them answer in one sentence without an explanation, or you can divide the group into pairs or threes. If your group is online, participants can write their answers in the chat box.
Watch – Each session includes a 15-20-minute video. To help participants get the most out of the video, please print and distribute copies of the handout for them to fill in as they watch the video. A link to the handout can be found at the end of each session. We recommend that you, as the group leader, watch the video and fill in the answers before the session. You do not need to review the answers with the group; however, be prepared to provide any answers participants may have missed. (Note: To keep the videos under 20 minutes, some content from the original videos has been removed. If anyone wants to experience the full-length videos, they can find them along with other resources, including manuscripts and a forum where experts answer questions raised by the lesson, on the series page Paul’s Prison Epistles.)
Discuss – Each session includes a series of questions related to the content of the video. While facilitating this section, you should make it a priority to rein in participants who might try to dominate the time, as well as to draw out participants who are quieter and slower to respond.
Apply – Each session invites participants to engage more deeply with themes from the lesson, often drawn from parts of the video not included in the “Watch” section. Please give equal, if not more, time to this section than to the “Discuss” section.
Challenge – Each session finishes with questions to prompt personal application of the content. Give time for participants to consider their answers and write them on the handout. Then give time for several people to share what they have written for one or two of the questions. We recommend that you always hear several brief answers about what has encouraged and what has challenged the group. Do not require people to share answers that require vulnerability, but model transparency yourself. Hopefully, as the study progresses, trust will grow among the participants, and they will become a community of true fellowship.
May God use your investment in this study to help you and your community grow in your appreciation of Jesus’ redemptive work and in your participation in his kingdom.
Acts 21:1–28:16
Paul’s words to the church, “Let the peace of Christ rule in your hearts … Be thankful” (Colossians 3:15), and “Rejoice in the Lord always; again I will say, rejoice” (Philippians 4:4), take on a deeper meaning when we remember that he wrote those words from prison. So, before we study Colossians, Ephesians, Philippians, and Philemon, we will look at the circumstances around Paul when he wrote them.
What advice would you give to a friend who is choosing to walk into a highly charged situation where they may face persecution for their faith in Jesus?
Paul’s unjust imprisonment restricted his body but not his ministry. Dr. Reggie Kidd explains in Lesson 1 of Paul’s Prison Epistles:
Paul was an apostle. Jesus had personally called and trained Paul and appointed him to serve as his ambassador, his covenant emissary. And as strange as it may sound to us today, Paul’s appointed tasks were not put on hold when he was imprisoned. On the contrary, in God’s providence, prison was exactly where God wanted Paul to be at this time in his life. God himself had orchestrated events so that Paul’s imprisonment in Rome would provide the opportunity for Paul to continue to spread the Gospel of Christ.
Paul’s imprisonment created fresh expressions of four things that were already well-developed in his ministry:
Think of a way that you are suffering or have suffered as a result of someone else's sinful choices. What from Paul’s example could encourage you to fix your mind on God and his purposes instead of other people’s sin.
Finish with a time of prayer. Include prayer for believers who are being persecuted for their faith in Jesus Christ.
Acts 28:16-31; 1 Corinthians 13; Philippians 2
In the last lesson we saw wave after wave of suffering and injustice wash over Paul. In this lesson we are going to look at some of the topics that filled his prayers, letters, and conversations during these final years of his life which were marked by ongoing suffering and imprisonment.
What themes would people say you come back to again and again in conversations?
What does it mean to you personally that Jesus is King?
Let the following quote from Dr. David B. Garner, lead you into a time of praise and thanksgiving to your King Jesus Christ:
What we now have at our disposal by virtue of our union with Jesus Christ is the power, actually, to say yes to Christ, to say yes to God’s expectations upon us. No longer is the law merely something that condemns, but by the outpouring of the Spirit and fulfillment of the new covenant, realized in the resurrected Christ, who is the life-giving Spirit, we are empowered, we are enabled, we are motivated now to respond in obedience to God in Christ. So, our union with Christ actually fleshes itself out in the way in which we walk in delighted obedience, and knowing that when we sin, oh!, we have an advocate with the Father who stands and lives ever to intercede for us. But in that reality, in that repentance, as we enjoy that forgiveness, we are compelled once again to live in the dynamic of resurrection power because Jesus Christ is raised, and we are raised with him.
Colossians 1-4
Paul wrote his letter to the church in Colossae to counteract false teachers who were mixing Christianity with other practices ranging from Greek philosophy to a misuse of Jewish traditions and even the veneration of spiritual beings. These heresies might sound unrelated to your life, but in this study, we’ll see how Paul revealed the desires behind practices and showed us how God invites us to satisfy the longings of our hearts.
The Colossians longed for wisdom, power, and freedom from sin. Those desires aren’t bad. Christ offers all of that and more. The problem was that the Colossians were looking for those things somewhere other than in Christ and, as a result, they ended up not free, but enslaved. Author Andy Crouch says this is what always happens when we use created things to pursue a rich, full life: “Idols promise freedom and deliver slavery, offer authority and deliver vulnerability, whisper fantasies of power but end up with us completely in their grip.”
What is one thing you want to remember from this study?
Let Colossians 1:9-14 guide your time of prayer.
And so, from the day we heard, we have not ceased to pray for you, asking that you may be filled with the knowledge of his will in all spiritual wisdom and understanding, so as to walk in a manner worthy of the Lord, fully pleasing to him: bearing fruit in every good work and increasing in the knowledge of God; being strengthened with all power, according to his glorious might, for all endurance and patience with joy; giving thanks to the Father, who has qualified you to share in the inheritance of the saints in light. He has delivered us from the domain of darkness and transferred us to the kingdom of his beloved Son, in whom we have redemption, the forgiveness of sins.
Colossians 1 - 4
Have you ever thought something was white, maybe a piece of clothing or a painted wall, until you set something beside it that was really white? It can be shocking to see just how yellowed or gray something is that we thought of as white. In a similar way, the brilliant glory of Jesus Christ shows up the true condition of everything else. Some things are revealed to be just a shadow of things to come (Colossians 2:17), while others can be seen clearly as sinful—things we need to struggle against (Colossians 3:5).
In the book of Colossians, we find one of the most emotionally stirring and theologically profound descriptions of Jesus Christ in the whole Bible. Paul wrote this description to counteract the false teaching and loathsome practices that had infiltrated the church in Colossae. In this study, we will explore this vision of Jesus and how it can orient our own lives today.
What is one quality of Jesus that you wish you had more of in your life?
Engage your head and your heart by praising Christ for his supremacy in all six areas mentioned by Paul in Colossians 1:15-20:
Ephesians 1-3
Identity and inclusion are hot topics right now. Behind the question “Who am I?” lies the deeper one, “Whose am I?” Your answer to that question determines how you see yourself and how you relate to the people and world around you.
In the book of Ephesians, Paul gets at the heart of these issues as he teaches about life in the kingdom of God.
Think of a group you belong to, maybe a club, a society, or even your country.
Note: If someone has questions about Paul’s authorship of Ephesians, refer them to the section Authorship (minutes 3:55–7:26) in the Thirdmill video Paul’s Prison Epistles - Lesson 3: “Paul and the Ephesians.”
Think of some friends, relatives, or co-workers who are still “separated from Christ… having no hope and without God in the world” (Ephesians 2:12).
Ephesians 4-6
The book of Ephesians paints a comprehensive picture of the Christian life: how it begins; how it will end (“And this is the plan: At the right time he will bring everything together under the authority of Christ--everything in heaven and on earth.” Ephesians 1:10, NLT); and what we should be doing in the meantime.
God’s expectations for the citizens of his kingdom are exacting, and he sends us to the front lines of a cosmic war. If this feels overwhelming, good. It is. Only when you feel the limits of your powers can you appreciate the power Paul talks about in Ephesians.
What is something you want to remember from the two studies on the book of Ephesians?
What can you do differently this week as a result of your insight?
Pray through Ephesians 3:14-21, personalizing it with your own words of praise and mentioning specific names and concerns.
Philemon, 2 Corinthians 1:3-11; 4:1-18
It’s easy to overlook Paul’s letter to his friend Philemon. The whole book is only 25 verses long, and it brings up the debate about what Paul and the Bible say about slavery. But this letter gives us the chance to get up close and personal with Paul and observe how he lived out the lofty truths he wrote about in his other letters in a complex interpersonal situation.
When he writes to Philemon, Paul is endeavoring to persuade Philemon to think about Onesimus in a different way. He doesn’t simply command Philemon to release Onesimus, even though Paul assumes that he would have that kind of spiritual authority, but instead … he is calling upon Philemon to look at Onesimus as his brother in Jesus Christ, his true spiritual equal in Jesus Christ, because that’s the way Paul can see this new creation that God had established, this manifestation of God’s new reign through his Messiah and Savior in the world. And so, he is endeavoring to help Philemon mentally or spiritually walk into a brand-new reality and begin to relate to Onesimus and others in a way that reflects the reality that God has established for our lives when we are in Jesus Christ.
“Refresh my Heart in Christ” (v. 20).
The apostle Paul has a reputation as a strong person. He had one of the greatest, most influential minds in history, and he endured physical, mental, and spiritual challenges that would have undone most people (2 Corinthians 11:24-28). Throughout Paul’s letters, we see that the source of his strength was not himself, but God’s sustaining grace, often expressed through the prayers and refreshment of other believers. As Paul writes to Philemon, “For I have derived much joy and comfort from your love, my brother, because the hearts of the saints have been refreshed through you” (v. 7).
Philemon, Colossians 1:1-14; 3:1-25; 4:1-9, 12, 13, 17
As a young man, Paul was the star student of the foremost Old Testament scholar of his day and became infamous for his extreme measures to keep the Jewish faith pure. But after meeting Jesus face to face, Paul had a fuller picture of the God he thought he knew so well. This changed how Paul understood the way God wants his people to relate to each other.
“Compassionate and gracious” are the first words God uses to describe himself in Exodus 34:6 (NIV). He goes on to say that he is slow to anger, abounding in faithful love, and forgives all kinds of sin and rebellion. Similar to how our bodies need flexible skin and inflexible bones, these “soft” characteristics are complemented by God’s justice (“he does not leave the guilty unpunished,” v.7) and by his willingness to let the weight of consequences have an effect on people’s lives.
In Paul’s letter to Philemon, we see a model of what it looks like to live out all of these characteristics in the messiness of our relationships with other believers.
Grace, compassion, patience, love, faithfulness, forgiveness, justice, willingness to apply consequences — which of these characteristics does your work or daily life require of you?
Finish with a time of prayer.
Philippians 1, 2; Acts 16:12-40, 20:1-6
The book of Philippians is rich in contrasts: a call for joy in the midst of suffering and unity in the midst of division. In this lesson, we’ll delve into the special relationship between Paul and the believers in Philippi, one that he referred to as a “partnership in the gospel” (Philippians 1:5).
Describe a time when you grew closer to someone because of working together towards a common goal.
Addressing fractured relationships among the believers is one of Paul’s pastoral concerns in this letter. While some might perceive interpersonal conflict as a personal problem, it actually undermines the very purpose Paul shares with the Philippians. As Knox Chamblin states in his course on Philippians, “A fractured church violates the good news of the Gospel.”
Philippians 3, 4; 2 Corinthians 1:3-11
In today's world, anxiety and depression are pervasive issues affecting many people, even those with a strong commitment to Christ. When circumstances are difficult and the future seems bleak, it can be challenging to continue faithfully living out the faith we profess.
The apostle Paul knew firsthand what it was to feel like suffering is almost too much to bear. His life and his teaching provide wisdom and encouragement as we weather life's ups and downs.
What was a deep fear you had as a child? Did someone help you confront that fear? If so, who was that person, and what actions did they take to help you?
Finish with a time of prayer.
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